IV. AASU Policy on Passwords

4.0 Background and Purpose:

This document represents the University-wide guidelines and responsibilities required to acceptable and proper use of passwords as they are used with computer resources and services. The intent of this policy is to educate users about their responsibilities regarding passwords while identifying certain unacceptable uses of passwords with AASU computing resources and services.

4.1 Overview

Passwords are an important aspect of computer security. They are the front line of protection for user accounts. A poorly chosen password may result in the compromise of Armstrong Atlantic State University's entire campus network. As such, all Armstrong Atlantic State University employees (including contractors and vendors with access to Armstrong Atlantic State University systems) are responsible for taking the appropriate steps, as outlined below, to select and secure their passwords.

4.2. Purpose
The purpose of this policy is to establish a standard for creation of strong passwords, the protection of those passwords, and the frequency of change.

4.3 Scope
The scope of this policy includes all personnel who have or are responsible for an account (or any form of access that supports or requires authentication) on any system that resides at any Armstrong Atlantic State University facility, has access to the Ar mstrong Atlantic State University network, or stores any non-public Armstrong Atlantic State University information.

4.4 Policy

4.4.1 General

4.4.1.1. All system-level passwords (e.g., root, enable, NT admin, application administration accounts, etc.) must be changed on at least a quarterly basis.

4.4.1.2. All user-level passwords (e.g., email, web, desktop computer, etc.) must be changed at least every six months. The recommended change interval is every four months.

4.4.1.3. User accounts that have system-level privileges granted through group memberships or programs such as "sudo" must have a unique password from all other accounts held by that user.

4.4.1.4. Passwords must not be inserted into email messages or other forms of electronic communication.

4.4.1.5. Where SNMP is used, the community strings must be defined as something other than the standard defaults of "public," "private" and "system" and must be different from the passwords used to log in interactively. A keyed hash must be used where available (e.g., SNMPv2).

4.4.1.6. All user-level and system-level passwords must conform to the guidelines described below.

4.4.2.0. Guidelines

4.4.2.1. General Password Construction Guidelines

4.4.2.1.1. Passwords are used for various purposes at Armstrong Atlantic State University. Some of the more common uses include: user level accounts, web accounts, email accounts, screen saver protection, voicemail password, and local router logins. Since very few systems have support for one-time tokens (i.e., dynamic passwords which are only used once), everyone should be aware of how to select strong passwords.

4.4.2.1.2. Passwords should never be written down or stored on-line. Try to create passwords that can be easily remembered. One way to do this is create a password based on a song title, affirmation, or other phrase. For example, the phrase might be: "This May Be One Way To Remember" and the password could be: "TmB1w2R!" or "Tmb1W>r~" or some other variation. NOTE: Do not use either of these examples as passwords!

4.4.2.1.3. Poor, weak passwords have the following characteristics:

A. The password contains less than eight characters.

B. The password is a word found in a dictionary (English or foreign)

C. The password is a common usage word such as:

C1. Names of family, pets, friends, co-workers, fantasy characters, etc.

C2. Computer terms and names, commands, sites, companies, hardware, software.

C3. The words "Armstrong Atlantic State University", "sanjose", "sanfran" or any derivation.

C4. Birthdays and other personal information such as addresses and phone numbers.

C5. Word or number patterns like aaabbb, qwerty, zyxwvuts, 123321, etc.

C6. Any of the above spelled backwards.

C7. Any of the above preceded or followed by a digit (e.g., secret1, 1secret)

4.4.2.1.4. Strong passwords have the following characteristics:

A. Contain both upper and lower case characters (e.g., a-z, A-Z)

B. Have digits and punctuation characters as well as letters e.g., 0-9, !@#$%^&*()_+|~-=\`{}[]:";'<>?,./)

C. Are at least eight alphanumeric characters long.

D. Are not a word in any language, slang, dialect, jargon, etc.

E. Are not a word based on personal information, names of family, etc.

4.4.2.2. Password Protection Standards

4.4.2.2.1. Do not use the same password for Armstrong Atlantic State University accounts as for other non-Armstrong Atlantic State University access (e.g., personal ISP account, option trading, benefits, etc.).

4.4.2.2.2. Do not share Armstrong Atlantic State University passwords with anyone, including administrative assistants, secretaries, or CIS personnel. All passwords are to be treated as sensitive, confidential Armstrong Atlantic State University information.
4.4.2.2.3. Here is a list of "dont's":

A. Don't reveal a password over the phone to ANYONE

B. Don't reveal a password in an email message

C. Don't reveal a password to the boss

D. Don't talk about a password in front of others

E. Don't hint at the format of a password (e.g., "my family name")

F. Don't reveal a password on questionnaires or security forms

G. Don't share a password with family members

H. Don't reveal a password to co-workers while on vacation

4.4.2.2.4. If someone demands a password, refer them to this document or have them call someone in the AASUSec.

4.4.2.2.5. Do not use the "Remember Password" feature of applications (e.g., Eudora, OutLook, Netscape Messenger).

4.4.2.2.6. Again, do not write passwords down and store them anywhere in your office. Do not store passwords in a file on ANY computer system (including Palm Pilots or similar devices) without encryption.

4.4.2.2.7. Change passwords at least once every six months (except system-level passwords which must be changed quarterly). The recommended change interval is every four months.

4.4.2.2.8. If an account or password is suspected to have been compromised, report the incident to AASUSec and change all passwords.

4.4.2.2.9. Password cracking or guessing may be performed on a periodic or random basis by AASUSec or its delegates. If a password is guessed or cracked during one of these scans, the user will be required to change it.

4.4.2.3. Application Development Standards

4.4.2.3.1. Application developers must ensure their programs contain the following security precautions.

A. Applications should support authentication of individual users, not groups.

B. Applications should not store passwords in clear text or in any easily reversible form.

C. Applications should provide for some sort of role management, such that one user can take over the functions of another without having to know the other's password.

D. Applications should support TACACS+ , RADIUS and/or X.509 with LDAP security retrieval, wherever possible.

4.5.0 Enforcement

These policies and procedures are designed to ensure the integrity, security, and proper effective functioning of campus IT services. All policy and procedure violations will be subject to investigation and appropriate disciplinary action through established channels that may include, for serious violations, letters of reprimand and/or termination of employment.

4.6.0. Definitions/Notes

SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
The protocol governing the management and monitoring of network devices
ISP
Internet Service Provider
A company the provides individuals or companies access to the Internet
TACACS+
Terminal Access Controller Access Control System
Authentication protocol that allows a remote access server to forward a user's logon password to an authentication server to determine access profile
RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service
Authentication protocol that allows a remote access server to forward a user's logon password to an authentication server to determine access profile
X.500
The set of ITU-T standards covering electronic directory services
LDAP
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
Software protocol for enabling anyone to locate organizations, individuals, and other resources within a directory system